Hi, I'm Matthew, one of the 3D
artists working on the new female
model for Complete Anatomy.
Today, I'll be following up on the previous
video in this series by Ashton Luxgrant,
who discussed the research that
went into the female model.
I will be specifically talking through some
of the 3D challenges in making the model.
When approaching the skeleton,
we wanted to make sure it
was uniquely female.
We did so by using dimensions typically
found in females and established
the correct carrying angle in the
arm and the Q angle at the hip.
This ensured anatomical landmarks and
proportions were placed correctly.
I learned early on that the pelvic
bones are often told to medical
students as containing the key.
Skeletal differences between
males and females.
The pelvic bones have unique differences,
such as:
And inferiorly facing sacrum,
along with the corresponding increased
curvature of the lumbar spine,
Wider but shorter ilia,
And a wider pubic angle which
all contribute to a larger,
more oval bowl with more
volume than that of the males,
which is of course important for childbirth.
However,
I also learned that these are not
the only major differences between
the male and female skeleton.
Many differences are also found in the skull.
The brow of the frontal bone
is less pronounced,
the mandible is narrower and
delicate compared to the broad
square jaw found in the male
Also,
the mastoid process is much less
pronounced and attachment sites for
these muscles are less roughened.
With the skeleton in its correct position,
we began modeling and texturing the skin,
giving form and character to the model.
Normally we would do this after
the musculature was in place,
but as this was a brand new model
we wanted a clear goal to aim for so
that our model was both anatomically
accurate but also aesthetically
characteristic of the female form.
And so we worked on both the
superficial and deep structures of the
model at the same time, continuously
crosschecking our work with one another,
making sure everything was fitting
correctly and adjusting were necessary.
Although a large amount of our
work went into sexual dimorphism
throughout the whole body,
most of our time and effort went into
the female specific organs such as the
reproductive system and breast tissue.
One of the first big challenges
for us in creating a full female
model is that our model stands
in the anatomical position,
but in a lot of textbooks,
female reproductive anatomy,
such as the genitalia is represented
in the lithotomy position,
where the model's legs are spaced apart.
Using the anatomical position,
we had less space to work with,
but still had to clearly communicate
the detailed anatomy of the region.
After many review stages,
we feel that we struck the correct
balance of the two and maintained
the detailed anatomy while
keeping visual clarity.
Compared to previous illustrations and
representations of the clitoris,
We made sure that we
represented the classic J shape
appearance found in research
papers and scan data.
This seemed like a simple task at first,
and on its own it was.
But actually it was just the first
step in correctly representing
the surrounding anatomy.
We took this opportunity to model
the external genitalia along with
the vaginal canal in full to
make sure we could accommodate
the correctly shaped clitoris.
We started by using measurements
to establish and maintain the
correct relationships between
the structures of the genitalia,
such as the frenulum of labia minora,
the caruncles, and importantly,
the urethral orifice,
and the unique relationship of the
anterior wall of the vaginal canal.
We made sure to preserve the
relationship of the genitalia
with relevant pelvic structures,
most notably the pubic synthesis
and the suspensory ligament.
A point of anchorage for the clitoris.
We also created a natural drop in
the pelvic floor due to gravity,
which contributes to the partial closing
of the vaginal canal by the anterior wall.
We also had to consider not only the
more visible superficial surfaces,
but also the negative space behind them.
Working hard to maintain
visual quality and clarity.
We chose to remove any spaces between the
vaginal canal and external genitalia,
creating what appears to be
one continuous joined structure,
but still has all the necessary
individual features.
And just when we thought it
couldn't get any more complex,
we decided to add sagittal
and coronal cross sections.
We think this paid off well as it allows
our users to view the internal surfaces
of the vaginal canal from any angle.
Along with all these additions,
we've also created micro models for the
clitoris and ovary. These highly detailed.
Models will help our users get a
clear and in depth understanding of
these extremely complex structures.
We also updated the breast tissue,
which has received improved
visuals and accuracies,
even including details such as the
greater distribution of lobules
in the inferior portion of the
breast compared to the superior.
We quartered the breast so that we
could represent cross sections
typically seen in anatomical texts,
giving our users the option to view
it from different perspectives.
Between the research and inventive
modeling techniques,
I and the team sincerely hope that
you enjoy learning human anatomy
through our new female model,
the model that we feel is in equal measure.
It's accurate,
detailed and easy to learn from.
Thank you.